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Loss of Livelihood I

The fourth “great fear” of Buddhist teaching is “fear of loss of livelihood.”  It is interesting that this doctrine was formulated by monastics living a life of mendicancy and voluntary poverty.  One would think that the vow of poverty would liberate monks from the ordinary anxieties of earning a livelihood, but of course the monks and nuns were utterly dependent on what was put into their begging bowl by local villagers.  If nothing was put in, there would be no meal that day.  Continue Reading »

It’s All About Emotion

Buddhist transformation is all about emotion.  Actually, that’s not literally true; a lot of meditation, especially for Westerners, is about de-constructing and seeing through the illusory world of self that thinking creates.  But neuroscience has now demonstrated what Buddhist meditators have long known: that as meditation matures, the discursive thinking aspect of mental activity subsides, and a different, more primal awareness emerges.  Continue Reading »

Thinking Is Overrated

The comedienne Lily Tomlin, in her persona as the bag lady, once said, “I tried reality once, and found it highly overrated.”  From a Buddhist standpoint, the same could be said for thinking.  The various schools of Buddhism all have a highly technical literature, whose collected works fill a good-sized room.  That being said, the core insight of the Buddha was not a cortical event—it was not a thought.  It was a direct apprehension of the real.

In the West the operative phrase on this subject has been Descartes’ “I think, therefore I am.”  Continue Reading »

Fear of Dementia

What a downer of a topic! Who wants to think or talk about dementia, Alzheimer’s, losing one’s mind? Yet it is the “third great fear” in Buddhist teaching, so clearly the ancient Buddhists wanted to talk about it. They knew that the best way to transform and dissolve fear is to face it.  Well, today I’m going to try something that may not be possible—find a positive, uplifting and encouraging way to talk about this.

Well, let’s start by being honest: pretty much everyone over a certain age either knows someone who has dementia (maybe a parent) or worries about getting it themselves, or both.  Continue Reading »

The Gift of Human Birth

My theme the last few posts has been the “five great fears”—fear of death, fear of illness, fear of dementia, fear of loss of livelihood, and fear of public speaking.  This week I’d like to take a break from talking about fears, and talk instead about gifts—in particular, the gift of human birth. Continue Reading »

Why Illness Happens

When I had cancer, and again when I was recovering from encephalitis, people would ask, “Do they know what caused it?”  I found this rather interesting, that people were so concerned to find a reason.  I wasn’t concerned about the reason at all, I was concerned about getting well.  But people wanted to know.  I think it was partly their anxiety Continue Reading »

The Gifts of Illness

Fear of illness is universal, even more so as we age and wonder about heart attack, stroke, cancer.  Even an annual physical or a blood test can make the heart pound.  I don’t know if we are more or less fearful now that we have the miracles of medicine to help us.  In earlier times, when there were no antiobiotics and no surgery, people had to rely on a strong constitution, preventative practices, and faith.  Children got to see sick and dead people all the time.  It was the kind of life in which Buddhism grew, and the life that billions of people still live in the world today.

I have been ill about ten years out of sixty two—first cancer and that long recovery, and then encephalitis and an even longer recovery.  I hated being sick, although my cancer doctor kept a photo for years in his office of me bald, jaundiced and grinning broadly to encourage his other patients. Continue Reading »

The second of the five great fears in Buddhism is fear of illness.  In the time of the Buddha, and for most of human history until quite recently, this was a formidable fear indeed.  Disease was everywhere.  Infants and small children, as well as adults, were regularly taken away by cholera, diphtheria, influenza, smallpox, and other infectious diseases that today are curable or controllable.  How quickly we forget that penicillin—and all subsequent antibiotics—was only discovered a little over a hundred years ago.  In America and other industrialized countries where people have access to modern medical care, we live in a bubble of seeming safety.

I say seeming because the fear of illness is deep, and never far from the surface.  In dharmic terms, fear of illness, like fear of death, is rooted in our ego identification with the body Continue Reading »

Fear of Life, Fear of Death

In Zen we say, “Life and Death is the great matter.”  This is a kind of exhortation to take spiritual practice seriously, but as my teacher used to say, “Don’t be too serious.”  There is a little ego in being too serious.  Anyway, life and death are two sides of the same coin.  They arise together.  This is the Buddhist view.  And so fear of dying is also fear of living.  Fear arises toward both.  So what is this fear? What are we afraid of?

Fear is a protective reaction of ego.  Ego wants to hold, to have, not to let go.  In the sutras this is sometimes referred to as the “tight fist” Continue Reading »

srilankan_oldmanIt is not easy to “call up” our actual fear of dying.  Like Buddhist or Christian monks of old, we can remind ourselves each morning when we wake up, “Death could come at any time.  Don’t waste time.”  This is useful, though somewhat abstract exercise, though with repetition it sinks in.  As one psychiatrist said to me, “You can talk to your unconscious, and it is always listening.”

An anomalous medical test or the news of a friends’ sudden illness or death can surface our deeper anxiety about “ceasing to be,” and like any primary emotional energy, that anxiety can be useful and workable.  One of the principles of Buddhist practice is that negative emotion—when we turn toward it rather than avert from it—itself is the path.  The apparent unpleasantness of negative emotion is somewhat illusory.  The actual “taste” of anxiety is in the just a sensation, like the sourness of a lemon; our conditioning and karma tell us it’s bad, but actually it’s just what it is.  Like a lemon, anxiety has its uses.

So this is ‘mindfulness of dying’ at a deeper, more fundamental level.  A Buddhist practitioner welcomes these strong emotional states.  They are our teachers.  “Hello, teacher,” we can say.  “What have you got for me today?”

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